24.9%
15.2%
10.4%
9.3%
5.3%
A ridge or crease on the surface of the epidermis, a wrinkle is an affliction we all seem to suffer as we age. It also is a common phenomena when the skin is immersed in water for a long period of time. But some of us age more “gracefully” than others. This can partially be explained by the fact that wrinkles and the process of aging are often aggravated by different muscle contractions caused by facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, etc. Some individuals also use anti aging creams, serums, pills, and surgical procedures to slow or reverse the process of aging.
The most common cause of aging is genetic. As we age, the rate at which our skin cells are able to divide and reproduce themselves decelerates. The underlying fat cells are atrophied, and the skin is less able to produce collagen and elastin, which are elemental in allowing the skin to bounce back when pressure is applied. The skin therefore begins to sag and loosen, and creases in the skin develop. As a result of these difficulties, the skin is also less able to absorb and retain moisture. Its ability to produce sweat and oil diminishes, which only aggravates the lack of moisture, and the skin becomes dry and scaly. Because the skin’s cells are dividing and reproducing at a lower rate, wounds are less able to heal and scars additionally form on the surface of the skin.
The second most common cause of aging are muscle contractions in the face caused by repeated facial expressions. As people age, their skin is already losing its elasticity and ability to rebuild itself. So when a person uses repeated facial expressions such as smiling, laughing, frowning, and furrowing the brow, the skin is less able to bounce back into place. This results in crow’s feet, frown lines, and other wrinkles.
The tertiary cause of aging is sun damage. When exposed to UVA or UVB from sunlight, the symptoms and severity of the signs of aging are exacerbated. Overexposure to these rays accounts for 90% of the visible symptoms of premature aging. The majority of the effects of sun damage are completed by the time a person reaches age 20. Not only do UV rays contribute to wrinkles, but also to an inability for the body to heal infections, skin disorders, and cancer. To attempt to heal itself, the skin produces metalloproteinases enzymes, which are meant to aid the skin in producing collagen. However some of these enzymes actually break down and degrade the collagen they are meant to increase. This also contributes to the formation of excessive amounts of abnormally formed elastin. All of these factors result in the formation of solar scars. When this entire process of imperfect skin formation occurs repeatedly, wrinkles and other premature signs of aging occur. Multiple studies have been conducted on the negative effect of sun damage, and one study showed that those with light to medium skin tones experienced elevated levels of metalloproteinases for about a week when exposed to the sun for just 15 minutes.
The final major cause of wrinkles is smoking. Smoking for just 10 years can irreversibly damage the skin and accelerate the process of aging. It chemicals contained in a cigarette cause the blood vessels in the epidermal layer of your skin to narrow. With the depleted blood flow to the skin, it also keeps oxygen and important vitamins and minerals from reaching certain parts of the skin. It also damages collagen and elastin, two elemental factors in allowing your skin to bounce back from potential damage and retain its appearance. Due to decreased levels of those two elements, skin naturally begins to sag and wrinkle. A study conducted in 2007 also found smoking to contribute to the formation of wrinkles on other parts of the body such as the inner arms. The heat produced by the cigarette and facial expressions natural to smoking such as the pursing of the lips and squinting of the eyes may also contribute to premature facial wrinkles.
To minimize premature aging, we recommend staying out of the sun when possible. When exposed to the sun, always use a high SPF sunscreen and wear protective clothing. If you smoke at this time, stop smoking. Also, when you are young, but especially as you age, find a good facial moisturizer and use a well balanced diet. Some may choose to implement procedures such as botox or a surgical facelift to reverse the signs of natural aging. Others also choose to use creams and serums to slow or reverse some signs of aging. There are a number of effective wrinkle creams and some which would be a waste of money, most of which we have studied and reviewed for you. However the best way to deal with wrinkles is to prevent the wrinkles you can in the first place.